In recent weeks, the United States has experienced a significant surge in pertussis (whooping cough) cases, with California emerging as a key hotspot in this growing outbreak. The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveals that the nationwide pertussis cases have surpassed 17,000 this year, marking a ten-year high and a fivefold increase compared to the same period last year.
Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that spreads through respiratory droplets. In its early stages, symptoms resemble those of the common cold, but it quickly evolves into severe, long-lasting coughing fits. Infants are particularly vulnerable, and in severe cases, they can experience respiratory pauses lasting over 20 seconds, which poses a serious threat to their life. Dr. Gabrielle Pina, a pediatrician at Loma Linda University Children’s Health Center, notes that a hallmark of pertussis is the intense coughing that is often accompanied by a distinctive “whoop” sound, indicative of the lungs struggling to take in air.
According to the CDC, California is one of the hardest-hit areas in this current outbreak. Experts attribute this alarming rise to the relaxation of pandemic-related health measures. As mask-wearing and social distancing declined, the number of infectious disease cases, which had previously diminished, has rebounded. Additionally, many families have not timely vaccinated their children, contributing to the sharp increase in cases. Dr. Pina describes this situation as a “retaliatory” resurgence of pertussis.
It is particularly concerning that regions with lower community vaccination rates face a heightened risk of infection. Data from the CDC indicates that infants under one year old are the most susceptible to pertussis, with about one-third of affected infants requiring hospitalization. While antibiotics can effectively treat pertussis, they primarily aim to reduce transmission of the disease. For adults, especially those with weakened immune systems and the elderly, the CDC recommends receiving a Tdap booster shot every ten years. Pregnant women are advised to get vaccinated at 27 weeks of gestation to pass on antibodies to their newborns, providing them with additional protection.
Looking ahead, Dr. Pina anticipates that the number of pertussis cases may continue to rise as the outbreak persists. She emphasizes the importance of parents avoiding crowded places with newborns and following basic preventive measures, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks when necessary, to minimize the risk of disease transmission. Experts urge the public to remain vigilant and recognize that timely vaccination is critical in preventing the spread of pertussis during this challenging outbreak.
